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No. 1

Finno-Ugric substratum in the Bashkir toponymy

Liberal Arts in Russia. 2017. Vol. 6. No. 5. Pp. 444-452.
Get the full text (Russian)
License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
https://doi.org/10.15643/libartrus-2017.5.10
Bukharova G.
Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla
3a Oktyabrskoi Revolyutsii Street, 450000 Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia
Email: buharova_g@mail.ru

Abstract

According to the established opinion, the names of Indo-Iranian origin form the most ancient layer in the Bashkir toponymy, followed by the names of Finno-Ugric origin. The author of the article studies the Finno-Ugric substratum in the Bashkir toponymy. By revealing lexical parallels in the Bashkir and Finno-Ugric languages, an attempt is made to explain geographical names that cannot be explained on the basis of the Bashkir and other Turkic languages. As it shown in the analysis, substrate origin of geographic terms play an important role in the formation of the toponymic system of the region, they actively participate in the formation of toponyms. It is interesting to note that the Finno-Ugric geographic terms involved in the formation of toponyms are found in the dialects of the Bashkir language and are now actively used in the speech of dialect speakers. In the Bashkir toponymy, the archaic vocabulary rooted in the depth of centuries and confirming the ancient ethnic ties of the Bashkirs with the Finno-Ugric peoples was preserved. The origin of some Bashkir ethnonyms involved in the formation of toponyms is explained on the example of the Finno-Ugric languages. This indicates that the substrate is not only a linguistic, but also an ethnic phenomenon. Geographical names that go back to the Finno-Ugric languages primarily characterize vegetation (for example, names of mountain ash, spruce, pine, etc.), as well as features of the water network (names of lowlands, marshes), and mountainous terrain of Bashkortostan (names of mountains and hills). In the Bashkir toponymy, geographical names associated with the beliefs of Finno-Ugrians were also recorded. It is the first study explaining the origin of the considered toponyms on the basis of the vocabulary of the Finno-Ugric languages.

Keywords

  • • toponymy
  • • Bashkir toponymy
  • • Finno-Ugric substratum
  • • etymology

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